Using cerebral imaging, connections between the various brain regions can be visualized. These connections form a veritable “map” of its structure, specific to each individual. Knowledge of these “maps” is enough to predict not just brain function but also the potential development and treatment of neurological diseases.
Restoring sight to patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or retinitis pigmentosa has become an increasingly likely prospect over recent years, with many researchers working to develop an artificial retina.
Chaque année en France, 46 000 personnes sont victimes d’un arrêt cardiaque. Des chercheurs proposent une nouvelle approche pour mieux les prendre en charge et mieux appréhender leurs possibles conséquences. Elle repose sur une technique basée sur le froid et la ventilation liquide.
One hypothesis put forward to explain the repetitive behaviors of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder is a lack of cognitive flexibility. However, this may well not be the case. A recent study used MRI to track the brain activity of autistic and non-autistic subjects faced with situations similar to those that cause problems in the daily lives of people with the disorder. Their findings, published in Brain and Cognition, suggest that the inflexibility of autistic individuals is actually the result of a strategy used to avoid socio-emotional situations. This research, which suggests now considering the cognitive and socio-emotional domains as closely linked rather than dissociated, opens up new avenues in the understanding and management of autism.
A research team used 3D culture to develop adipose tissue organoids (or adipospheres) – small cellular units that mimic the characteristics and organization of adipose tissue as it presents in vivo.
Des recherches démontrent dans un modèle de souris au foie humanisé, que le VHD est capable in vitro et in vivo d’utiliser l’enveloppe d’autres virus que celle du VHB, comme celle du virus de l’hépatite C et de virus d’autres genres, comme celui de la dengue.
Researchers from Inserm and Université de Strasbourg at Unit 1260 “Regenerative Nanomedicine” have developed an implant which, when applied like a wound dressing, regenerates cartilage in the event of major joint lesions and incipient osteoarthritis.
A team of Inserm and CNRS researchers has succeeded in developing new-generation chemical sensors to monitor the brain’s metabolism, particularly during stroke, trauma or epileptic seizure. Measuring less than 15 µm in diameter, these minimally-invasive tools monitor what is happening in the brain in order to obtain data that are much more reliable and representative of the neurochemical exchanges. This research has been published in ACS Central Science.
Une étude européenne lève le voile sur la diversité des gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques présents dans les bactéries du microbiote intestinal. Des équipes des hôpitaux Beaujon et Bichat Claude-Bernard AP-HP, de l’Inra (MetaGenoPolis), de l’Institut Pasteur, de l’Inserm, des universités Paris Diderot et Paris-Saclay ont développé une nouvelle méthode bioinformatique de prédiction de fonction des gènes basée sur la structure tridimensionnelle des protéines qu’ils codent. Les chercheurs, en collaboration avec d’autres équipes européennes, l’ont ensuite appliquée à un catalogue de plusieurs millions de gènes du microbiote intestinal. Grâce à cette méthode, ils ont identifié plus de 6000 gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques très différents des gènes connus. Ces travaux, publiés dans la revue Nature Microbiology, illustrent la diversité des gènes de résistance des bactéries de notre microbiote intestinal.
As tumors develop, they evolve genetically. How does the immune system act when faced with tumor cells? How does it exert pressure on the genetic diversity of cancer cells? Scientists from the Institut Pasteur and Inserm used in vivo video techniques and cell-specific staining to visualize the action of immune cells in response to the proliferation of cancer cells. The findings have been published in the journal Science Immunology on November 23, 2018.