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Twin Pregnancies in France: is Vaginal Delivery Preferable After All?

02 Jun 2017 | By INSERM (Newsroom) | Public health

Man Looking At Medical Team Operating Pregnant Woman

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JUMODA, a prospective study sponsored by the Paris public hospitals (AP-HP) and conducted between 2014 and 2015 by teams of researchers and clinicians from Inserm, Université Paris Descartes and AP-HP, has shed new light on the mode of delivering twins.

According to the coordinators of JUMODA (“MOde D’Accouchement des JUmeaux”), Professors Thomas Schmitz and François Goffinet, vaginal delivery is associated with decreased neonatal morbidity and mortality rates for both twins. These results have been published in the June issue of Obstetrics & Gynecology.

While considerable progress has been made in recent years in perinatal healthcare, carrying and giving birth to twins are still high-risk situations. Indeed, sometimes serious complications can arise in both mother and children during pregnancy (hypertension, delayed growth, premature birth) and during the birth itself – especially that of the second twin (placental abruption, poor umbilical cord positioning, brutal uterine contractions during labor, etc.). Whereas the French neonatal mortality rate (death within 27 days of birth) is 2.3 per 1,000 live births for singletons (according to an Inserm study from 2013), it is 5 to 10 times higher for twins.

Until very recently, the practices of some French obstetricians were guided by the results of Anglo-Saxon retrospective studies that went against vaginal delivery in twin pregnancies, and particularly that of the second twin. In these studies, second twins enjoyed better neonatal health following Cesarean section than following vaginal delivery. Such data have contributed to the increased rate of Cesarean sections performed in France in this population over the past 20 years, and which in 2010 was 45%.

According to Prof. Schmitz, the methods of delivery, which differ considerably between France and Anglo-Saxon countries, may indeed be behind certain complications. It was therefore necessary to rigorously evaluate the obstetric practices involved in delivering twin pregnancies in France.

JUMODA, which stands for “Etude prospective comparative nationale sur le MODe D’Accouchement des femmes enceintes de JUmeaux” (national prospective and comparative study on the mode of delivery of twins), was initiated in 2014 by researchers from CRESS -Inserm/Université Paris Descartes/Paris public hospitals (AP-HP)- and coordinated by Professors Schmitz and Goffinet. Its objective was to measure the neonatal morbidity and mortality of twins, according to the planned mode of delivery (vaginal or Cesarean). To achieve this objective, the teams analyzed twin births in 176 French maternity units between February 2014 and March 2015. Approximately 8,800 women were enrolled, representing 75% of the total number of twin births in France during that period.

All in all, the study has shown that, in France, out of those women with twin pregnancies in the participating maternity units, 75% had an attempted vaginal delivery and 25% a planned Cesarean section. Most importantly, the attempted vaginal deliveries were associated with a low neonatal morbidity and mortality rate when the first baby was in the head-down position. For the first time, this rate of complications was even reported as being higher after a planned Cesarean section than after attempted vaginal delivery for children born at between 32 and 37 weeks.

While Cesarean section remains an essential emergency solution for certain complications arising during twin pregnancies, these recent results show that vaginal delivery is to be preferred in the large majority of cases. In addition to avoiding the surgical and psychological complications associated with Cesarean sections, vaginal delivery may also -thanks to the fetus coming into contact with the mother’s vaginal bacteria- trigger a number of protective immune mechanisms that are important for the child’s long-term health and development. “Our message to patients pregnant with twins is that twin pregnancy is not in itself an indication for delivery by Cesarean section. We think it is important to inform such patients of these results so that they can best discuss with their obstetrician how they will give birth.” concluded Prof. Schmitz.

 

This study was funded by the French national hospital clinical research program (PHRCN) in 2012.

Medias
Researcher Contact
Pr Thomas SCHMITZ Unité 1153 Centre de recherche épidémiologie et statistique Sorbonne Paris Cite (Inserm/ Université Paris Descartes/ AP-HP) rf.phpa@ztimhcs.samoht 01 40 03 20 00 poste 12 38 Numéro de portable sur demande auprès du service presse
Sources
Association Between Planned Cesarean Delivery and Neonatal Mortality and Morbidity in Twin Pregnancies Schmitz T, Prunet C, Azria E, Bohec C, Bongain A, Chabanier P, DʼErcole C, Deruelle P, De Tayrac R, Dreyfus M, Dupont C, Gondry J, Graesslin O, Kayem G, Langer B, Marpeau L, Morel O, Parant O, Perrotin F, Pierre F, Poulain P, Riethmuller D, Rozenberg P, Rudigoz RC, Sagot P, Sénat MV, Sentilhes L, Vayssière C, Venditelli F, Verspyck E, Winer N, Lecomte-Raclet L, Ancel PY, Goffinet F; JUmeaux MODe dʼAccouchement (JUMODA) Study Group and the Groupe de Recherche en Obstétrique et Gynécologie (GROG). Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Université Paris Diderot, INSERM, U1153, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Team, Maternité Notre Dame de Bon Secours, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Joseph, and Université René Descartes, Paris, Hôpital François Mitterrand, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Pau, CHU de Nice, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, and Université de Nice Sophia Antepolis, Nice, CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Bordeaux, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, and Université d'Aix-Marseille, Marseille, CHRU de Lille, Maternité Jeanne de Flandre, and Université de Lille 2, Lille, CHU de Nîmes, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Nîmes, Université de Montpellier 1, Montpellier, CHU de Caen, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, and Université de Caen, Caen, Réseau Aurore, Lyon, CHU d'Amiens, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, and Université d'Amiens, Amiens, CHU de Reims, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, and Université de Reims, Reims, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, CHU de Strasbourg, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, CHU de Rouen, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, and Université de Rouen, Rouen, Maternité Régionale de Nancy, and Université de Nancy, Nancy, CHU de Toulouse, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, and Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, CHRU de Tours, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, and Université de François Rabelais, Tours, CHU de Potiers, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, and Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, CHU de Rennes, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, and Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, CHU de Besançon, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, and Université de Besançon, Besançon, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Poissy, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, Hospices Civiles de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, and Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, CHU de Dijon, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, and Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, and Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, CHU d'Angers, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, and Université d'Angers, Angers, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, and Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, CHU de Nantes, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, and Université de Nantes, Nantes, and URC-CIC P1419, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin Hôtel Dieu, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Maternité Port-Royal, et le DHU risques et grossesse, Paris, France.
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