ComPaRe, la Communauté de Patients pour la Recherche de l’AP-HP, a mené une étude de science citoyenne pour recueillir les idées des patientes souffrant d’endométriose en vue d’améliorer leur prise en charge. Les 1000 participantes de l’étude ont répondu à la question suivante : « Si vous aviez une baguette magique, que changeriez-vous dans votre prise en charge ? ». 2487 idées ont été proposées et regroupées en 61 axes d’amélioration.
Aedes mosquitoes are the principal vectors of dengue and other arboviruses, including Zika, for which no vaccines or antiviral treatments currently exist. Understanding the factors that influence the transmission of arboviruses from mosquitoes to humans is therefore a priority because it could guide the implementation of public health measures that could limit or even prevent epidemics. In a new study, a team of researchers from Inserm, CNRS and Université de Strasbourg at the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, in collaboration with the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Brazil, described the virome (the totality of the viruses) present in 800 mosquitoes collected in six countries across four continents. The scientists show that out of the 12 viruses identified, two of them do not infect humans but increase the potential for transmission of dengue and Zika. The mechanism involved reveals the existence of a new cellular factor hijacked by arboviruses in mosquitoes.
Researchers from Inserm, INRAE, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université Paris Cité and Cnam, as part of the Nutritional epidemiology research team (EREN-CRESS), studied the role of dietary nitrites and nitrates in the development of type 2 diabetes. The scientists analyzed data on the health and exposure to nitrites/nitrates of 104,168 French adults participating in the NutriNet-Santé cohort study. While their statistical analyses suggest an association between the consumption of nitrites and increased type 2 diabetes risk, no such link has been found with nitrates.
For the first time, a team led by Inserm researchers Jean-Luc Martinot and Éric Artiges at the Developmental Trajectories and Psychiatry laboratory (Inserm/ENS Paris-Saclay) and the Borelli Center (CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay) looked for factors that would predict the onset of anxiety disorders in adolescence. They monitored the mental health of a group of adolescents aged 14 to 23. Thanks to artificial intelligence, they have identified the warning signs most predictive in adolescence of the onset of anxiety disorders in these young adults.
In the weeks that follow the birth of a child, both parents are likely to develop depression. Paternity leave, recognized for its benefits on family balance, child development and male-female equality, could be one of the keys to preventing this condition that affects one in ten fathers and almost two in ten mothers.
L’année 2022 a été marquée par de belles avancées pour l’Inserm qui ont, chacune dans leur domaine, contribué à améliorer la santé des citoyens et le quotidien de nombreux patients. Avant d’entamer une nouvelle année, nous vous proposons de jeter un coup d’œil dans le rétro.
Ebola epidemics occur periodically in various sub-Saharan African countries. While vaccines exist and have already received WHO Prequalification against the Zaire ebolavirus species, it is essential to pursue and intensify efforts to supplement the available data to develop a safe and effective Ebola vaccine strategies in adults and children alike. The PREVAC international consortium, which includes scientists from Inserm and from institutions in Africa, USA and UK, has published the results of a large-scale randomized clinical trial in West Africa in the New England Journal of Medicine.
La Direction de la recherche, des études et de l’évaluation des statistiques (DREES), le Centre d’épidémiologie des causes médicales de décès de l’Inserm (CépiDc-Inserm) et Santé Publique France (SpFrance) analysent les causes médicales de décès des personnes résidentes et décédées en France en 2020. Ces travaux s’appuient sur la statistique nationale des causes de décès produite par le CépiDc-Inserm à partir du recueil exhaustif et de l’analyse des volets médicaux des certificats de décès.
Tuberculosis affects 1 million children each year; less than half of them are diagnosed and treated for the disease, which leads to more than 200,000 deaths. In a new study, researchers and clinicians from the TB-Speed consortium funded by global health agency Unitaid and led by the University of Bordeaux, in collaboration with the French Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) and MU-JHU (a research collaboration between Makerere University and John Hopkins University in Uganda), showed that screening for tuberculosis at the time of hospital admission was feasible in children with severe pneumonia. In addition, screening with a molecular test called Xpert Ultra improved the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children in countries with high incidence of the disease. The results of the study argue for a more systematic use of the Xpert Ultra in these children, especially in those suffering from severe acute malnutrition. They also confirm the importance of tuberculosis as a cause of severe pneumonia.
Le 15 novembre 2022 est publié le nouveau rapport Euro-Peristat, projet européen coordonné par l’Inserm et mis en place depuis 2000. Celui-ci rassemble des statistiques sur la santé périnatale de 28 pays, pour la période allant de 2015 à 2019. La comparaison de la France à ses voisins permet d’aboutir à un bilan contrasté, avec en particulier un taux de césariennes maîtrisé, mais une situation moins favorable en ce qui concerne la mortinatalité (enfants mort-nés à partir de 24 semaines d’aménorrhée).